A study at reviewed 13 cancer types and provided a molecular understanding of sex effects in diverse cancers. The research revealed two cancer-type groups associated with cancer incidence and mortality, suggesting a 鈥減ressing need鈥� to develop sex-specific therapeutic strategies for some cancers.
The research findings are published in the May 9 online issue of .
Using data from , a team led by , associate professor of , found more than half of the genes studied that were related to clinical practice of cancer treatment showed sex-biased signatures in certain cancer types.
鈥淥ur study helps elucidate the molecular basis for sex disparities in cancer and lays a critical foundation for the future development of precision cancer medicine that is sex-specific,鈥� said Liang. 鈥淭his is a crucial finding as currently, male and female patients with many cancer types often are treated in a similar way without explicitly considering their gender.鈥�
Liang鈥檚 group performed a comprehensive analysis of molecular differences between male and female patients, revealing two sex-effect groups associated with distinct incidence and mortality profiles and accounting for 53 percent of clinically actionable genes. Those genes are informative for clinical decisions and are either therapeutic targets or biomarkers that can help predict patient survival or tumor response.
In the study, Liang found one group contained a small number of sex-affected genes (weak group), while the other showed a much greater number of sex-biased molecular signatures (strong group). Liang said the current equal treatment of both genders may be appropriate for those in the 鈥渨eak鈥� group, but observations in the 鈥渟trong鈥� group are clinically significant.
鈥淪pecial consideration should be given to those in the strong sex-effect group in terms of both drug development and practice,鈥� said Liang. 鈥淔or a therapeutic target with a strong sex-biased signature, sex-specific clinical trials may be more likely to succeed. This new information is vital as the fundamental issue of sex differences for cancer prevention and therapy has not been investigated systematically.鈥�
Liang鈥檚 team analyzed data in patient cohorts of 30 or greater samples for each sex for various cancers of the bladder, colon, kidney, brain, rectum, thyroid, liver and lung as well as acute myeloid leukemia. They looked for specific molecular data including somatic mutations, copy alterations, protein and gene expression and DNA methylation. The study included controls for other factors such as race, age, disease stage, smoking status and tumor purity.
鈥淚nterestingly, our analysis also suggested that sex bias might be amplified during the tumor formation process,鈥� said Liang. 鈥淗owever this observation should be interpreted with caution at this early stage as further efforts are needed to determine the relative contributions of other factors, including tumorigenesis, sex chromosomes and hormones.鈥�
MD Anderson members of the study team included Yuan Yuan, Ph.D., and Jun Li, Ph.D., of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; Huzhang Ma, Ph.D., and Liang Li, Ph.D., Biostatistics; and Gordon Mills, M.D., Ph.D., Systems Biology.
Other participating institutions included Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; and Nanjin Medical University, Nanjing, China.
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (CA175486 and CA016672), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP140462), the Jeanne F. Shelby Scholarship Fund, the Lorraine Dell Program in Bioinformatics for Personalization of Cancer Medicine, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81472782), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20141491), Six Talent Peaks Foundation of Jiangsu Province (2012-WS-026) and the 鈥�333鈥� Talents Project of Jiangsu Province.
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