News Top Picks: Research

For Layered 2D Materials, Robotics Produces Cleaner Interfaces Between Stacked Sheets

Department of Energy, Office of Science — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 14:45:30 EST

Layered assembly of 2D materials such as graphene have potential roles in the development of new electronic devices. Manufacturing these materials at a large scale while making them atomically clean is a major challenge. In this study, researchers used a special robotic system to assemble graphene heterostructures into large sheets with atomically clean interfaces.

Defibrillation Devices Can Save Lives Using 1,000 Times Less Electricity

American Institute of Physics (AIP) — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 11:00:00 EST

In this week's Chaos, researchers used an electrophysiological computer model of the heart's electrical circuits to examine the effect of the applied voltage field in multiple fibrillation-defibrillation scenarios. They discovered far less energy is needed than is currently used in state-of-the-art defibrillation techniques. The authors applied an adjoint optimization method and discovered adjusting the duration and the smooth variation in time of the voltage supplied by defibrillation devices is a more efficient mechanism that reduces the energy needed to stop fibrillation by three orders of magnitude.

Defibrillation Devices Can Save Lives Using 1,000 Times Less Electricity

American Institute of Physics (AIP) — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 11:00:00 EST

New Study Finds Obesity Can Be Prevented in Very Young Children

University of North Carolina School of Medicine — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 10:00:52 EST

A large study co-led by Kori Flower, MD, MS, MPH, division chief of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at the UNC School of Medicine demonstrates that combining text messaging with in-person clinic counseling reduces obesity in the first two years of life.

How One UIC Student Is Proposing to Advance Science of Superconductivity

University of Illinois Chicago — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 08:55:59 EST

Materials called cubic rare earth hydrides could be superconductors in everyday conditions

Ensuring a Bright Future for Diamond Electronics and Sensors

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 08:30:47 EST

To expand the potential use of diamond in semiconductor and quantum technologies, researchers are developing improved processes for growing the material at lower temperatures that won't damage the silicon in computer chips. These advances include insights into creating protective hydrogen layers on quantum diamonds without damaging crucial properties like nitrogen-vacancy centers.

Selenium Raised Pharmaceutical Value of Garden Sage

Scientific Project Lomonosov — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 03:45:16 EST

Scientists from Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University showed that spraying of selenium stimulates the growth of garden sage - a plant, that is used in medicine for treatment of inflammations and diseases of gastrointestinal tract.

Selenium Raised Pharmaceutical Value of Garden Sage

Scientific Project Lomonosov — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 03:45:16 EST

Structural Safety Monitoring of Buildings with Color Variations

National Research Council of Science and Technology — Tue, 05 Nov 2024 00:00:19 EST

Led by Dr. Jae Sung Yoon at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), and Ph.D. candidate Nguyen Hoang Minh from the UST-KIMM School, the research team drew inspiration from the structural coloration observed in natural phenomena such as peacock feathers and morpho butterflies.

Out of Africa: UT Southwestern Cardiologist Gets to the Heart of Zambia's No. 1 Health Threat

UT Southwestern Medical Center — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 17:45:01 EST

On a Thursday morning in Dallas, Fiona Strasserking, M.D., chats with her UT Southwestern colleague while internal medicine residents from the University of Zambia log on to their Zoom call. Rafic Berbarie, M.D., Associate Professor in UTSW's Division of Cardiology, is today's guest lecturer and the topic is "Evaluation of Chest Pain."

Flow of the Future: AI Models Tackle Complex Particle Drag Coefficients

Chinese Academy of Sciences — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 09:35:45 EST

Researchers have made a groundbreaking advance in fluid dynamics, using machine learning to accurately predict the drag coefficients of complex-shaped particles. This technological leap promises to significantly enhance our understanding of how particles behave in fluid flows, a key aspect in various industrial and environmental processes.

Belle II Detector Produces World's Most Precise Measurements of Subatomic Particle Lifetimes

Department of Energy, Office of Science — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 09:20:42 EST

The new Belle II experiment recently made a world-leading measurement of the lifetime of a particular charmed baryon, a particle that is produced and decays very quickly under very high energy levels similar to the universe shortly after the Big Bang. This demonstrates the experiment's ability to make the extremely precise measurements of the sort needed to discover physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics.

ETRI, Successful Development of an AI-Based Dementia Prediction Technology

National Research Council of Science and Technology — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 09:00:30 EST

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) is conducting research on the development of an AI technology that can evaluate and predict brain function degeneration and brain-related diseases such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, etc., by analyzing the speech utterances of the elderly that can be obtained through their daily conversations.

Reconstructing Ancient Climate Provides Clues to Climate Change

Case Western Reserve University — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 06:00:22 EST

A 15-year study of a site in Bolivia by an international team led by Case Western Reserve University provides a comprehensive view of an ancient ecosystem when the Earth was much warmer than today

Fossil of Huge Terror Bird Offers New Information About Wildlife in South America 12 Million Years Ago

Johns Hopkins Medicine — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 01:00:00 EST

Researchers including a Johns Hopkins University evolutionary biologist report they have analyzed a fossil of an extinct giant meat-eating bird -- which they say could be the largest known member of its kind -- providing new information about animal life in northern South America millions of years ago.

A Single Step from Liquid Hydrogen Production to Safety Values Testing

National Research Council of Science and Technology — Mon, 04 Nov 2024 00:00:20 EST

The Hydrogen Electric Research Team at the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) has developed the world's first integrated system capable of producing liquid hydrogen and evaluating the performance of safety valves in a single step.

Aiming to Shape a New Tech Revolution

University of Miami — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 22:20:27 EST

Engineering professor Mingzhe Chen is working on several projects that could improve on our existing wireless networks. For this work, he was recently named as the Knight Foundation chair in data science and artificial intelligence.

Preventing Obesity in Very Young Children Could Be in the Palm of Parents' Hands

Johns Hopkins Medicine — Sun, 03 Nov 2024 17:05:00 EST

A study co-led by a Johns Hopkins Children's Center clinician-researcher shows that adding text messaging and other electronic feedback to traditional in-clinic health counseling for parents about feeding habits, playtime and exercise prevents very young children from developing obesity and potentially lifelong obesity-related problems.

Advanced AI Techniques Enhance Crop Leaf Disease Detection in Tropical Agriculture

Chinese Academy of Sciences — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 22:10:27 EST

A research team showcases the application of deep learning models in identifying leaf diseases in key tropical crops such as coconut, mango, and durian, offering crucial insights for the future of precision agriculture.

A New Study Highlights Microalgae as Sustainable Ingredients for Food and Pharmaceutical Applications

Chinese Academy of Sciences — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 21:35:24 EST

A research team has unveiled the unique chemical, microstructural, rheological, and flavor-related properties of four commercially available microalgal species--Arthrospira, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, and Tetraselmis.

Nitric Oxide Treatment Preserves Fresh Walnuts, Reduces Decay, and Maintains Quality

Chinese Academy of Sciences — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 21:20:18 EST

A research team demonstrates the efficacy of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, in preserving fresh walnuts (Juglans regia L.) post-harvest quality.

New Senior Associate Dean Joins Leadership Team at FSU College of Medicine

Florida State University — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 15:10:41 EST

Xian Jin Xie, a distinguished educator and researcher whose work has advanced fields across the health care spectrum including biomedicine, nursing, dentistry, public health and data science, has joined the FSU College of Medicine faculty as senior associate dean for research and graduate programs.

Artificial Intelligence: A Double-Edged Sword for the Environment?

Chinese Academy of Sciences — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 10:45:35 EST

A new study highlights the rising environmental toll of artificial intelligence, spotlighting the surge in energy consumption and carbon emissions driven by escalating computing demands. The research offers a comprehensive analysis of artificial intelligence's (AI's) carbon footprint, underscoring the urgent need for the tech sector to adopt sustainable practices to curb its substantial environmental impact.

Steps You Can Take to Reduce Your Risk for Liver Cancer

University of Kentucky — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 10:25:09 EST

Liver cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. The most common type of liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma, and men are more likely to develop HCC than women. It typically develops in people with long-lasting liver disease caused by hepatitis virus infection or cirrhosis. In many cases, liver cancer is a preventable cancer, so raising awareness about prevention is important.

UAlbany Atmospheric Scientist Partners to Study Factors Behind Contrail Formation

University at Albany, State University of New York — Fri, 01 Nov 2024 10:15:51 EST

Fangqun Yu, a senior researcher at UAlbany's Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, has released a new paper in Environmental Sciences & Technology that examines the contrail formation process, specifically exploring the role of non-volatile (soot) particles and volatile particles.