By Zachary Boehm
News — TALLAHASSEE, Fla. 鈥� For many people, the prospect of aging is scary and uncomfortable, but Florida State University Assistant Professor Dawn Carr says that research reveals a few tips that can improve our chances of a long, healthy life.
Carr, who joined FSU鈥檚 Department of Sociology and the Pepper Institute on Aging and Social Policy this fall, is working to identify social programs and policy solutions that improve and maintain quality of life as people age.
鈥淭he ultimate goal is to set people up for having a good life for as long as possible in ways that are meaningful and productive,鈥� she said.
As a gerontologist, Carr studies the biological, cognitive and social processes involved in aging and the ways that societies construct systems to accommodate aging populations. Carr鈥檚 specialization in social gerontology means she pays particular attention to the idea of 鈥渟uccessful aging,鈥� or the ways that people can continue to lead fulfilling, emotionally satisfying lives as they get older.
Fundamental to understanding aging from the perspective of a social gerontologist is the important distinction between 鈥渟uccessful aging鈥� and pop cultural or cosmetic ideas about 鈥渁nti-aging.鈥�
鈥淎nti-aging is a movement that views youth as the best state of being,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 focused on the idea that good agers are those who look, act and seem young.鈥�
Conversely, the idea of successful aging is based on the notion that getting older can be a healthy and positive process 鈥� that it can yield its own unique experiences and outlooks. Proponents of successful aging ideas argue that, with adequate and deliberate preparation, late-adulthood can be a time of increased self-actualization.
Carr, who previously served as a research associate at Stanford鈥檚 Center on Longevity, has published extensively on the subject of successful aging.
鈥淲hat my research has done is to try and understand the shifts in the way we live as we get older,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淲hat I鈥檓 trying to understand is what we can do to keep health and cognitive performance up for as long as possible.鈥�
Carr shared a few basic tips for becoming a successful ager.
Get a College DegreeThere is no more crucial variable in the formula of successful aging than education. Research has repeatedly demonstrated the indispensible value of meaningful educational experiences, and especially of attaining a college degree.
鈥淓ducation has been the biggest predictor of aging outcomes for a very long time,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淵ou just can鈥檛 hold a candle to number of years of education and its relationship to any outcome related to aging. It鈥檚 hard for me to ever imagine that education wouldn鈥檛 be beneficial to health, well-being and aging well.鈥�
Eat Healthy
Eating well can have significant, measurable effects on aging outcomes. It鈥檚 important to find a healthy diet that works for your individual lifestyle.
鈥淭here are a lot of diets that work well, but none of them involve eating a ton of fast food,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 important to use nutrition in a way that doesn鈥檛 result in bad outcomes like heart disease and diabetes, but that can vary from person to person.鈥�
Exercise
There is no substitute for a consistent exercise regimen.
鈥淓xercise is crucial over the long term,鈥� she said. 鈥淵ou can start at anytime throughout your life but it鈥檚 important to continue as much as possible. There鈥檚 no evidence that you can do too much, and exercise seems to be one of the few things that, for the average person with normal brain matter, keeps cognitive performance up later in life.鈥�
Stay Socially Connected Quality of social connection is one of the most reliable predictors of well-being in older individuals. This is particularly vital for older men, who tend to have a more difficult time forging important relationships as they age.
鈥淪ocial connectedness is the thing that people probably pay the least attention to,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淢aintaining meaningful engagement with others through the duration of your life is crucial, and men aren鈥檛 so good at it, which is a problem. For example, research shows that older men who are married tend to do better than those who aren鈥檛, so we know there鈥檚 something important in having close connections later in life. The thing is, it鈥檚 hard to have someone close to you later in life if you鈥檝e never spent any time cultivating meaningful relationships with others.鈥�
Carr recommends joining formal community groups as a way of ensuring sustained connection as we age.
鈥淓mbedding yourself in formal organizations like church, volunteer programs or book clubs can be a great way to cultivate relationships,鈥� she said.
Plan Financially
It鈥檚 never too early to begin making financial arrangements for later life. While structures of economic inequality often make it difficult for some to plan in the long term, the prudent choice is always to begin considering your late-life finances as soon as possible.
鈥淏eing poor in later life is not good for your health,鈥� Carr said. 鈥淎 lot of people don鈥檛 have control over that, which is a huge deal. But one thing we know to be true is that if you have a sufficient income, that鈥檚 pretty critical in improving outcomes. You have a lot working against you if you don鈥檛 have the money to maintain your well-being over time.鈥� ###
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