News — As your cold-weather footwear makes the seasonal migration from the back of your closet to replace summer鈥檚 flip flops and bare feet, don鈥檛 underestimate the benefits of padding around naked from the ankles down.
Barefoot activities can greatly improve balance and posture and prevent common injuries like shin splints, plantar fasciitis, stress fractures, bursitis, and tendonitis in the Achilles tendon, according to Patrick McKeon, a professor in Ithaca College鈥檚 School of Health Sciences and Human Performance.
The small, often overlooked muscles in the feet that play a vital but underappreciated role in movement and stability. Their role is similar to that of the core muscles in the abdomen. 鈥淚f you say 鈥榗ore stability,鈥� everyone sucks in their bellybutton,鈥� he said. Part of the reason why is about appearance, but it鈥檚 also because a strong core is associated with good fitness. The comparison between feet and abs is intentional on McKeon鈥檚 part; he wants people to take the health of their 鈥渇oot core鈥� just as seriously.
The foot core feedback loop
McKeon describes a feedback cycle between the larger 鈥渆xtrinsic鈥� muscles of the foot and leg, the smaller 鈥渋ntrinsic鈥� muscles of the foot, and the neural connections that send information from those muscle sets to the brain.
"Those interactions become a very powerful tool for us,鈥� he said. When that feedback loop is broken, though, it can lead to the overuse injuries that plague many an athlete and weekend warrior alike.
Shoes are the chief culprit of that breakdown, according to McKeon. 鈥淲hen you put a big sole underneath, you put a big dampening effect on that information. There's a missing link that connects the body with the environment," he said.
Muscles serve as the primary absorbers of force for the body. Without the nuanced information provided by the small muscles of the foot, the larger muscles over-compensate and over-exert past the point of exhaustion and the natural ability to repair. When the extrinsic muscles are no longer able to absorb the forces of activity, those forces are instead transferred to the bones, tendons, and ligaments, which leads to overuse injuries.
It鈥檚 not that McKeon is opposed to footwear. 鈥淪ome shoes are very good, from the standpoint of providing support. But the consequence of that support, about losing information from the foot, is what we see the effects of [in overuse injuries]."
Strengthening the foot core
The simplest way to reintroduce the feedback provided by the small muscles of the foot is to shed footwear when possible. McKeon says activities like Pilates, yoga, martial arts, some types of dance, etc. are especially beneficial.
"Anything that has to deal with changing postures and using the forces that derive from the interaction with the body and the ground [is great for developing foot core strength],鈥� he said.
McKeon also described the short-foot exercise, which targets the small muscles by squeezing the ball of the foot back toward the heel. It鈥檚 a subtle motion, and the toes shouldn鈥檛 curl when performing it. The exercise can be done anywhere while seated or standing, though he recommends first working with an athletic trainer or physical therapist to get familiar with the movement.
He notes the exercise seems to have especially positive results for patients suffering from ankle sprain, shin splints, and plantar fasciitis. It鈥檚 even been shown to improve the strain suffered by individuals with flat feet.
The payoff could be more than just physical, as there could be financial savings. With strong feet, McKeon suggests that 鈥� depending on the activity 鈥� consumers may not need to invest hundreds of dollars in slick, well-marketed athletic sneakers (though he doesn鈥檛 recommend going for the cheapest of cheap sneakers, either). People with a strong foot core can actively rely on the foot to provide proper support, rather than passively relying on the shoes alone.
鈥淵ou might be able to get a $50 pair of basketball shoes that don鈥檛 have the typical support that you'd expect. Because you have strong feet, you're just using the shoes to protect the feet and grip the ground," he said.
The easiest way to get started on strengthening the small muscles of the foot, though, is to kick off your shoes in indoor environments.
鈥淭he more people can go barefoot, such as at home or the office, is a really good thing,鈥� McKeon said.
From day one, Ithaca College prepares students for personal and professional success through hands-on experience with internships, research and study abroad. Its integrative curriculum builds bridges across disciplines and uniquely blends liberal arts and professional study. Located in New York鈥檚 Finger Lakes region, the College is home to 6,100 undergraduate and 460 graduate students and offers over 100 degree programs in its schools of Business, Communications, Humanities and Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Performance, and Music.
RSS