The cost of treating people infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) with newly approved therapies will likely place a tremendous economic burden on the country鈥檚 health care system. The prediction comes from a cost-effectiveness analysis led by researchers at . The findings, reported in the March 17 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine, predict that the cost of providing patients their daily regimens could total $136 billion over five years 鈥� 10 percent of the country鈥檚 annual prescription drug spending.
study lead and assistant professor of at MD Anderson, reported a combination of two drugs 鈥� sofosbuvir and ledipasvir 鈥� recently approved by the to treat hepatitis C is cost-effective as opposed to the old standard of care. The budget needed to treat all diagnosed patients, however, is unsustainable.
More than two million people are infected with HCV, a virus found in the liver. It is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact.
In recent years, management of the disease has come to a crossroads. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force both recommended a one-time hepatitis C screening for baby boomers 鈥� people born between the years 1946 and 1964. Two years later, the Food and Drug Administration approved the medications sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for disease management. Yet, while the drugs lead to improved outcomes, the cost of the newly approved oral regimen comes at a staggering price to payers 鈥� as much as $1,125 per day.
鈥淲e have millions of people who need treatment for hepatitis C and payers obviously don鈥檛 have the budget to cover this tremendous expense,鈥� says Chhatwal. As a result, physicians have to prioritize the new drugs to the sickest of patients, and several payers have added restrictions that only those with the most advanced disease receive treatment.鈥�
For the study, Chhatwal and his team used a simulation model to fully evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impacts of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir treatment. Their model conducted a cost analysis involving patients with four major HCV genotypes.
The researchers found the new therapies would reduce the clinical burden of the disease. They determined that the newer, more expensive medications would be most beneficial for select groups of patients: those with advanced disease, have the HCV genotype 1, or are younger.
The results show that using new therapies is cost-effective in the majority of patients. However, the budget required to treat all eligible patients would be $136 billion over the next five years. Compared with the old drugs, new therapies would cost an additional $65 billion, whereas the cost offsets would be only $16 billion. [See note to media above.]
Our analysis clearly does not support an assertion that the new treatments will save health care money using the drug discounts given in 2014,鈥� said Chhatwal. 鈥淗owever, competition from AbbVie has recently brought down drug costs, which may change the outlook.鈥�
鈥淲hile most developed countries factor in treatment cost before approving a drug, U.S. law prohibits considering such costs. Therefore, patients almost always end up paying more for the drugs that were developed in the U.S.,鈥� Chhatwal explains. 鈥淐onsidering the law also prohibits Medicare from negotiating drug pricing, the new treatment cost could strain the budget of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.鈥�
鈥淓conomics need to play an important part of improving the health care system,鈥� said Chhatwal. Hepatitis C presents an unusual case where we have cost effective therapeutic options that our health care system cannot afford,鈥� Chhatwal continued. 鈥淲hile lower drug prices will help, that鈥檚 not sufficient. Both the government and private insurers will need additional resources to effectively manage this epidemic.鈥�
Senior author Michael Dunn, M.D., professor and associate chief of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh said, 鈥淲e have an obligation to fully inform patients about the actual human value and real costs of these treatments. That knowledge is crucial for good decisions when such large resources are at stake.鈥�
This study was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000146). Fasiha Kanwal, M.D. efforts were supported in part by the Houston Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (#CIN 13-413).
In addition to Chhatwal and Dunn, author of the study include: Fasiha Kanwal, M.D., of Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Mark Roberts, M.D., of the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health.
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