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Artistic rendition of an immunofluorescent image of a mouse retina taken during a transient episode of low serum glucose demonstrating accumulation of a protein, Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1 alpha(red), in inner retinal cells. A recent study from Guo et al., published in Cell Reports provides insight into how accumulation of HIF-1 alpha in retinal cells during these transient episodes of low serum glucose (i.e., hypoglycemia) can promote the expression of the angiogenic mediators that worsen diabetic retinopathy.