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News — Woods Hole, Mass.-- Seattle (April 2, 2025) - Washington state will soon have another tool to support long-term management for one of the highest priority invasive species, European green crab, thanks to additional state funding dedicated to genetic research.

Last fall, Washington Sea Grant (WSG) received $185,000 in state appropriations to work with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and to sequence the European green crab genome. That work is currently underway. The European green crab, an invasive species that has had severe impacts on the East Coast shellfish industry and can harm important eelgrass and estuary habitats, is listed as a priority species for the and is a top , the state’s jurisdictional lead for aquatic invasive species. WSG, housed within the University of Washington College of the Environment, has , since 2015.

In early 2022, Governor Jay Inslee issued an in response to growing populations of European green crab in Washington waters. As of 2024, European green crab infestations have been found along much of Washington’s Pacific coast as well as in smaller, localized .

indicates that all European green crabs along the Pacific coast of the U.S. and Canada originated from a single introduction event to San Francisco Bay from the northeastern United States. However, a deeper investigation of the European green crab's genetic makeup is still needed to understand how the species could continue to spread and to form the basis for potential management strategies.

Mapping the genome of the European green crab will provide crucial information such as how genes play a role in enabling green crabs to adapt to a variety of environments, including changing water temperatures along the Pacific coast. Knowing which genes influence key traits in green crabs could give valuable insight on the long-term management of this invasive species.

WHOI’s , is an associate biologist and an expert in green crab genomics.  In collaboration with WDFW and WSG, her work seeks to better understand the expansion of green crab populations in Washington waters and on the West Coast more broadly. Genome sequencing is a particularly difficult endeavor for a species like European green crab.

“Crustaceans like crab, shrimp, and lobsters have very complex genomes, and it is only with recent advances in sequencing technology that this research has become possible for them,” said Tepolt. “A high-quality genome is a critical scientific tool that will enable a much wider range of research into green crab biology and management.”

“The green crab is one of the most successful invasive species globally, and a large part of that success is its adaptability to a wide range of variable marine habitats,” said , marine ecologist and lead of the WSG Crab Team program. “In Washington, we are likely to be managing European green crabs for a long time, so we will need every tool we can access to protect local shorelines. Mapping the genome is a very forward-looking effort to find and develop new management tools.”

“This research not only has positive implications for European green crab management in Washington, but for the rest of the West Coast and anywhere in the world where European green crab may be impacting local ecosystems and industry,” said State Representative Joel McEntire, sponsor of the funding to support the project.

This project’s findings will be summarized in a publication led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the genome itself will be made publicly available on National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) GenBank, the standard for long-term public archiving of genomic data. WSG will work with WDFW and Washington Recreation and Conservation Office’s Invasive Species Council to more broadly communicate the results. 

Here’s how the public can continue to help with European green crab efforts:

• If you find a suspected European green crab or its shell in Washington, take photos and report it as soon as possible to WDFW using the form at or the .
• At this time, WDFW is not asking the public to kill suspected green crabs. This is intended to protect native crabs from cases of mistaken identity. As a prohibited species, it is illegal to possess a live European green crab in Washington.
• For more information on the European green crab, check out the .
• Volunteer to monitor for European green crab with the .

Additional updates and background information is available on , and on .

Contacts:

Emily Grason, marine ecologist and Crab Team Program lead, WSG, [email protected]

Chase Gunnell, communications manager, WDFW, [email protected]

Suzanne Pelisson, public relations director, WHOI, [email protected]

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About Washington Sea Grant

, based at the University of Washington, helps people and marine life thrive through research, technical expertise and education supporting the responsible use and conservation of coastal ecosystems. Washington Sea Grant is one of 34 Sea Grant programs supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in coastal and Great Lakes states that encourage the wise stewardship of our marine resources through research, education, outreach and technology transfer.

About Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife

The  works to preserve, protect, and perpetuate fish, wildlife, and ecosystems while providing sustainable fish and wildlife recreational and commercial opportunities.

About Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

The  is a private, non-profit organization on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, dedicated to marine research, engineering, and higher education. Established in 1930, its primary mission is to understand the ocean and its interaction with the Earth as a whole, and to communicate an understanding of the ocean’s role in the changing global environment. Top scientists, engineers, and students collaborate on more than 800 concurrent projects worldwide—both above and below the waves—pushing the boundaries of knowledge and possibility.