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Salena Jacob, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States

Infection is a public health problem and represents a spectrum of disease that can result in sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection. Septic shock is the most severe form of sepsis which leads to distributive shock and high mortality rates. There have been significant advances in sepsis management mainly focusing on early identification and therapy. However, complicating matters is the lack of reliable diagnostic tools and the poor specificity and sensitivity of existing scoring tools i.e., systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), or quick SOFA. These limitations have underscored the modest progress in reducing sepsis-related mortality. This review will focus on novel therapeutics such as oxidative stress targets, cytokine modulation, endothelial cell modulation, etc., that are being conceptualized for the management of sepsis and septic shock. Key Words: Sepsis; Inflammation; Oxidative Metabolism; Infection; Reactive oxygen species Core Tip: The need for better diagnostic tests and treatments has been voiced for infectious diseases in general with a special emphasis on sepsis. The current state of sepsis treatment revolves around antibiotics and supportive measures. Understanding sepsis pathophysiology is crucial to identifying effective therapies to support the immune system, thereby preventing disease progression and organ dysfunction. Discovering novel strategies for immune augmentation may be the key to successfully treating sepsis. Moving forward, it is crucial to continue investigating the mechanisms of action of these therapeutics, conducting rigorous large-scale clinical trials, and refining treatment strategies to enhance sepsis outcomes.<br/ ><br/ >Jacob S, Jacob SA, Thoppil J. Targeting sepsis through inflammation and oxidative metabolism. World J Crit Care Med 2025; 14(1): 101499 [DOI: ]