Published online 鈥渁head-of-print鈥� July 8 in Academic Medicine, Caroline Wellbery, MD, PhD, explains how 鈥渁rts observation鈥� can have positive impacts on physicians and patients, and should be incorporated in both medical school training and clinical practice.
A medical school program that emphasizes 鈥渋ntense and mindful observation鈥� can work to correct efficiencies in clinical practice that 鈥減aradoxically decrease face-to-face interactions with patients,鈥� says Wellbery, who teaches Georgetown medical students the value of viewing art and reading narrative texts.
For example, she says, a 2012 study shows that medical interns and residents spend only 12 percent of their training in direct contact with patients, due in part to an increasing reliance on electronic devices for care guidance that can take time while at the same time depersonalizes patients.
Reduced focus on the bedside exam can potentially result in delayed or missed diagnoses, Wellbery says. 鈥淜een observational skills could help a physician, for example, notice lesions on fingers that suggest rheumatoid arthritis, facial expressions that could be linked to depression 鈥� observation is aimed at simply understanding the gestalt of the patient, how to put into context what is perceived in the patient encounter.鈥�
Because arts-based teaching tools and visual thinking strategies enhance needed clinical observation skills, many medical schools and residency programs have developed formal offerings in this area, Wellbery says, often in collaboration with local art museums.
But many only emphasize one aspect of the arts, such as reading, while ignoring others, such as the viewing of art pieces, she says. 鈥淭his article helps theorize how the arts in general can hone the art of observation,鈥� Wellbery says.
鈥淐lose observation is an accepted, even essential, scientific habit that is easily understood within the medical culture, and engaging in the arts specifically as a means of honing skills delivers these humanistic offerings,鈥� she says.
Examples of the relationship between medical care and the arts, according to the analysis: 鈥� Nature writing: 鈥淎 natural setting which, to the uninitiated, may first appear to be an inert scene will, on closer examination, reveal an overwhelming flurry of activity involving a host of miniscule players.鈥濃�� Poetry: 鈥淧oetic precision provides an educational bridge to recognizing the importance of detail in the clinical realm, where exactness is critical to providing safe, high-quality medical care.鈥濃�� Short narratives: 鈥淔or teaching purposes, short writings lend themselves to fruitful analysis, an interpretive process often described as analogous to interpreting patients鈥� experiences.鈥濃�� The built environment: 鈥淎rchitectural and interior design offer opportunities for noticing, opportunities that also promote awareness of a host of environmental and cultural disturbances; for hospitalized patients, these disturbances include the nighttime interruptions, the ubiquitous alarms, the repeated blood draws, the repetitive questions, the standard-issue gowns, and the rounding teams towering over their beds.鈥�
The article鈥檚 co-author is Rebecca A. McAteer, MD, clinical assistant professor at GUMC who was a medical humanities fellow studying with Wellbery. McAteer currently serves on the faculty of Tansen Mission Hopsital in Palpa, Nepal.
About Georgetown University Medical CenterGeorgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) is an internationally recognized academic medical center with a three-part mission of research, teaching and patient care (through MedStar Health). GUMC鈥檚 mission is carried out with a strong emphasis on public service and a dedication to the Catholic, Jesuit principle of cura personalis -- or "care of the whole person." The Medical Center includes the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing & Health Studies, both nationally ranked; Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, designated as a comprehensive cancer center by the National Cancer Institute; and the Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, which accounts for the majority of externally funded research at GUMC including a Clinical and Translational Science Award from the National Institutes of Health.
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