Stanley H. Appel, M.D. is the Peggy and Gary Edwards Distinguished Endowed Chair for the Treatment and Research of ALS, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, and Professor of Neurology at Weill Medical College of Cornell University. He was previously Chair of the Department of Neurology at Baylor College of Medicine as well as Chief of the Neurology division and the James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina. Dr. Appel is a native of Massachusetts and received his Bachelor Degree at Harvard University and his Medical Degree from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons. He is Director of the MDA/ALS Research and Clinical Center at the Methodist Neurological Institute, and past Director of a National Institute of Aging Alzheimer鈥檚 Disease Research Center.

Dr. Appel is a member of numerous professional societies and committees and is the author of 15 published books and over 350 articles on topics such as ALS, neuromuscular disease, Alzheimer鈥檚 Disease, and Parkinson鈥檚 Disease. He has received a number of awards for his accomplishments in Neurology and Biochemistry, including the Gold Medal Award in 1997 from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons for 鈥淒istinguished Achievements in Medicine鈥�, the Sheila Essey Award in 2003 from the American Academy of Neurology for 鈥渙utstanding research in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis鈥�, Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in recognition of the 鈥渄edication and commitment to advancing science and serving society鈥� in 2003, Baylor College of Medicine Alumni Association Distinguished Faculty Award in 2004, MDA鈥檚 Wings Over Wall Street Diamond Award in 2004, Texas Neurological Society Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005 and the Forbes Norris Award for 鈥渃ompassion and love for humanity in research and treatment in patients with ALS鈥� from the International Alliance of ALS/MND Associations in 2005, and the Museum District Business Alliance Award in recognition of his commitment to research, patient care, and education, 2007, and the recipient of the Houston Academy of Medicine 2008 John P. McGovern Compleat Physician Award. He is also named 2008 Best of the Best Physicians by the Medical Journal of Houston.

Research in Dr. Appel鈥檚 laboratory has focused on developing new insights into neurodegenerative diseases with primary emphasis on ALS. His studies of mutant SOD transgenic mice have documented that neuroinflammation and activated microglia are neuroprotective during the early stages of the disease and cytotoxic during the late stages of the disease. The early stages start within motor neurons and appear cell-autonomous, whereas later stages involve innate immune glia and are non-cell-autonomous. These two stages appear to be modulated by peripheral T-cells that enter the CNS at sites of neuronal injury; Th2 and regulatory T-cells are increased in early stages and appear to provide neuroprotection, while Th1 T-cells are increased in later stages and mediate cytotoxicity. Transplantation of ALS mice with regulatory T cells prolonged disease duration by more than 80%. Our comparable studies in human ALS have employed PCR techniques to confirm the presence of activated microglia and to demonstrate the presence of CD4 T-cells as well as immature and mature dendritic cells and enhanced chemokine signaling. Our laboratory was the first to document that regulatory T lymphocytes modulate disease progression in ALS patients. More specifically, regulatory T lymphocytes are decreased in ALS patients that progress at a faster rate; the levels of Treg may thus serve as a biomarker of rates of disease progression. His current efforts are focused on enhancing the protective immunity of Treg cells and anti-inflammatory microglia, and decreasing the pro-inflammatory immunity of Th1 effector lymphocytes and proinflammatory microglia.