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A study from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health has found that the security constraints common to most prisons may lead health care workers to engage in risky behaviors that increased their risk of bloodborne infections.
A large clinical trial in a Ugandan population heavily infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shown that despite reductions in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV incidence was not reduced by STD control measures.
A team of researchers has shown that a certain type of chemoprevention used to experimentally deter liver cancer from developing is effective. The researchers gave the drug oltipraz, originally developed to treat schistosomiasis, to a group of people at high risk for developing liver cancer. The oltipraz changed the way in which the study group metabolized aflatoxin, a liver carcinogen produced by a fungus that contaminates foods like corn and peanuts.
In a field trial in 270 villages in rural Nepal, researchers from the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health showed that women had their risk of death from pregnancy lowered by about 40 percent after taking dietary supplements of vitamin A or beta-carotene, compared to women who did not take the supplements.
A new study has shown that doctors and nurses lose fewer days from work because of the flu when they are vaccinated annually.
Four pollutants found in house dust add to the ability of a common household insecticide to inhibit an enzyme important in neurologic function in humans, researchers at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health reported in the April 1999 issue of Toxicology Letters.
Evidence-based guidelines for the care of children in emergency situations should be developed and distributed to international relief organizations. The highest mortality rates following armed conflicts, natural disasters, population displacements or famines are often in children younger than five years.
Care at a trauma center lowers by 25 percent the risk of death for injured patients compared to treatment received at non-trauma centers.
Researchers have identified a potential cancer preventative. A new compound that protects against the development of liver cancer in laboratory animals was recently identified.
Adolescents who witness domestic violence between their parents are significantly more likely to suffer from symptoms of depression. This study is among the first conducted in the developing world to explore adolescent mental health and its association with parental domestic violence.
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