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A multi-institutional team has taken a crucial step toward understanding and treating Rett syndrome, a rare and often-misdiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1 in 10,000 children, mostly females.
Five percent of deaths from SIDS in African Americans can be traced to defects in one gene. Half of those deaths result from a common variation that increases an infant's risk of developing an abnormal heart rhythm during times of environmental stress.
There is no difference between an over-the-counter decongestant and a prescription medication that costs almost four times as much in relieving hay fever symptoms. Daily doses of 240 mg of pseudoephedrine were just as effective as 10 mg daily of montelukast at relieving symptoms without additional side effects.
University of Chicago researchers have scanned the entire human genome in search of genetic variations that may signal recent evolution and found more than 700 that may be targets of recent natural positive selection during the past 10,000 years of human evolution.
Although their genes are virtually identical, humans and chimpanzees differ substantially. This study provides powerful new evidence for a 30-year-old theory, that the differences are due more to changes in gene regulation than differences in individual genes.
Scientists have found strong support that a disturbance of a specific neurochemical can lead to sudden infant death syndrome. They describe what happens during hypoxia when levels of the hormone serotonin are disturbed in the specific group of neurons showed to be responsible for gasping, which resets the normal breathing pattern for babies.
Researchers have been able to confirm most but not all of the results of a high-profile study that brought new hope to diabetes patients. This study provides a boost for efforts to reverse type-1 diabetes in recently diagnosed patients but not for efforts to grow new islets from spleens.
University of Chicago physicians propose the first general framework for withholding or discontinuing medications, adding life expectancy, goals of care, treatment targets and time until benefit to the usual equation of drug plusses and minuses.
Paleontologists have discovered fossils of a species that provides the missing evolutionary link between fish and the first animals that walked out of water onto land about 375 million years ago.
Linguists have argued that certain patterns of language organization are the exclusive province of humans. These syntactical capacities have been used to define the boundaries between humans and other creatures. Now researchers have discovered the capacity to recognize such patterns in starlings.
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