麻豆传媒

In healthy cells, TRAP-1 is an important regulator of metabolism and has been shown to regulate energy production in mitochondria, organelles that generate chemically useful energy for the cell. In the mitochondria of cancer cells, TRAP-1 is universally overproduced. The Wistar team鈥檚 report, which appears in the journal Cell Reports (available online now), shows how 鈥渒nockout鈥� mice bred to lack the TRAP-1 protein compensate for this loss by switching to alternative cellular mechanisms for making energy.

鈥淲e see this astounding change in TRAP-1 knockout mice, where they show fewer signs of aging and are less likely to develop cancers,鈥� said Dario C. Altieri. M.D., Robert and Penny Fox Distinguished Professor and director of The Wistar Institute鈥檚 National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Center. 鈥淥ur findings provide an unexpected explanation for how TRAP-1 and related proteins regulate metabolism within our cells.鈥�

鈥淲e usually link the reprogramming of metabolic pathways with human diseases, such as cancer,鈥� Altieri said. 鈥淲hat we didn鈥檛 expect to see were healthier mice with fewer tumors.鈥�

Altieri and his colleagues created the TRAP-1 knockout mice as part of their ongoing investigation into their novel drug, Gamitrinib, which targets the protein in the mitochondria of tumor cells. TRAP-1 is a member of the heat shock 90 (HSP90) protein family, which are 鈥渃haperone鈥� proteins that guide the physical formation of other proteins and serve a regulatory function within mitochondria. Tumors use HSP90 proteins, like TRAP-1, to help survive therapeutic attack.

鈥淚n tumors, the loss of TRAP-1 is devastating, triggering a host of catastrophic defects, including metabolic problems that ultimately result in in death of the tumor cells,鈥� Altieri said. 鈥淢ice that lack TRAP-1 from the start, however, have three weeks in the womb to compensate for the loss of the protein.鈥�

The researchers found that in their knockout mice, the loss of TRAP-1 causes mitochondrial proteins to misfold, which then triggers a compensatory response that causes cells to consume more oxygen and metabolize more sugar. This causes mitochondria in knockout mice to produce deregulated levels of ATP, the chemical used as an energy source to power all the everyday molecular reactions that allow a cell to function.

This increased mitochondrial activity actually creates a moderate boost in oxidative stress (鈥渇ree radical damage鈥�) and the associated DNA damage. While DNA damage may seem counterproductive to longevity and good health, the low level of DNA damage actually reduces cell proliferation鈥攕lowing growth down to allow the cell鈥檚 natural repair mechanisms to take effect.

According to Altieri, their observations provide a mechanistic foundation for the role of chaperone molecules, like HSP90, in the regulation of bioenergetics in mitochondria鈥攈ow cells produce and use the chemical energy they need to survive and grow. Their results explain some contradictory findings in the scientific literature regarding the regulation of bioenergetics and dramatically show how compensatory mechanisms can arise when these chaperone molecules are taken out of the equation.

鈥淥ur findings strengthen the case for targeting HSP90 in tumor cells, but they also opens up a fascinating array of questions that may have implications for metabolism and longevity,鈥� Altieri said. 鈥淚 predict that the TRAP-1 knockout mice will be a valuable tool for answering these questions.鈥�

This work was supported by grants to Altieri from the National Institutes of Health (P01 CA140043, R01 CA78810) and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Prostate Cancer Research Program ( W81XWH-13-1-0193). Additional support was provided through the National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant (CA010815) to The Wistar Institute.

Co-authors from the Altieri lab include Sofia Lisanti, Michele Tavecchio, Ph.D., and Young Chan Chae, Ph.D., Wistar co-authors also include Qin Liu, M.D., Ph.D., an associate professor in Wistar Cancer Center鈥檚 Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis program. Co-authors from outside Wistar include Angela K. Brice, D.V.M., Ph.D., from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, and Madhukar L. Thakur, Ph.D., and Lucia R. Languino, Ph.D., from Thomas Jefferson University.

The Wistar Institute is an international leader in biomedical research with special expertise in cancer research and vaccine development. Founded in 1892 as the first independent nonprofit biomedical research institute in the country, Wistar has long held the prestigious Cancer Center designation from the National Cancer Institute. The Institute works actively to ensure that research advances move from the laboratory to the clinic as quickly as possible. The Wistar Institute: Today鈥檚 Discoveries 鈥� Tomorrow鈥檚 Cures. On the Web at www.wistar.org. ###